…of recipes developed for the Battle Creek Sanitarium, forming the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company in 1906 as the forerunner to the modern Kellogg Company. 1900s: The necessity of…

…the legacy of previous infrastructural forms. The Interoceanic Highway, for example, was built in the footprint of a previous road: construction on Route 26 (as it was called) had begun…

…the code to copy itself and spread. On the other hand, his conviction for Fraud and Abuse clearly sends a different message—that this was a criminal act, and as the…

…economist who was a senior fellow at the Institute for International Economics at the time. The Institute, now the Peterson Institute for International Economics, was founded in 1981.[2] Circa 1979-80,…

…it opens the way for other countries to view this as a viable option for responding to disputes instead of going the old routes: through the UN or attacking the…

…and the figure of the biohacker have gained momentum. Sequencing DNA and developing open source software tools for bioinformatics were described as “hacking the mother code” (Regis 1995) or “hacking…

…control methods, regulatory and legal issues, cryptography, policy development, and “information ethics” (Tipton 1993). Importantly, certification also required that members swear to uphold the (ISC)2 code of ethics. For many…

…infiltrated systems for all sorts of reasons—for fun, learning, and showmanship—and in the process swiped data and documents but never released them. For decades, hackers have also acquired and published…

…is for many other engineers, at best a word for tentative work (as in: “This is just a hack”) or for using technologies for other purposes than those originally intended…

…EFSA generate credibility for scientists. Credibility for scientists, in this case, is only a means to build credibility with consumers, for they will have to make the purchase. However, mainstream…

…suing the NYPD for intimidation. Schoolcraft’s claims were bolstered by further research, when Eterno and Silverman (2010), a former cop and a sociologist, designed a survey in which retired officers…

…face immediate 2-week suspensions for a first offense, and expulsion for a second offense. These are in addition to any charges that the police choose to lay. Parents, this is…

…the researcher’s abstract elucidated their braggadocio of a low budget exploit of Tor for around $3000, as well as a call out to others to try: Looking for the IP…

…emails were in essence many events chained together, each event a chance for journalists to lose interpretive authority. This multiple-event release model created more opportunities for conspiratorial interpretations to be…

…also responsible for the management of security clearances, not only for federal employees but also for the millions of contractors who serve in security-sensitive capacities. Until 1996, OPM itself conducted…

…only for sustaining long-distance kin relations but also for experimenting with self-development. The capacity to engage in novel forms of intimacy with strangers and in private forms of communications with…

…to maintain: codes and calibrating fluid; lancets to draw blood from fingertips (for which some people substituted pins or sewing needles); and lithium and other specialized imported batteries, for which…

…region. But if the region’s apple and pear orchards stand for healthy sweetness, then what does the sugar beet and its refined sugar stand for today? Sugar has become suspect…

…people to make educated decisions about what is in their food, without waiting for government or corporations to do it for them.” A handful of websites, Twitter feeds, and Facebook…

…citizens. For most of the twentieth century, economists and regulators considered electricity unsuited for competition (see Özden-Schilling [2015] for the origins of electricity’s “natural monopoly” status). Large, vertically integrated companies…

…frontiers has been a dramatic factor in the Ebola outbreak. Frontiers, though largely irrelevant to kinship and social networks, stimulated the opportunistic movement of people (for trade or protection, for…

…timestamp of its creation, output frequency, a status code, and—most significant, for the question of archivesthe value of the previous output, the most recent random broadcast. This collection of data…