…oven. It is nearly six feet tall, weighs over seven hundred pounds, and costs $5,000. 1950: Revision of the Oleomargarine Act inaugurates an era of increasingly widespread (and mandatory) labeling…

…sovereignty, territorial integrity, and independence of its member states,” but also to “promote democratic principles and institutions, popular participation, and good governance” (African Union 2002). Today, the African Union is…

…very small proportion of the full Snowden trove. The archive that Snowden shared with news outlets contained about 50,000 documents, of which approximately 7,300 have been released since 2013. Further,…

…100-150 active implants to simultaneously managing thousands of implanted targets” (SID Today 2004a:2). According to Matthew Aid, NSA had built tools (and adopted easily available open source tools) for scanning…

…the mail, and we pay it. What the bill doesn’t reflect is the tremendous change in electricity infrastructure in the twenty-first century. Today, more and more electricity in the United…

…decommodification, and the inclusion or exclusion of different groups. Mumbai’s public water system, comprising more than 4,000 kilometers of pipe, has recently been the target of reform proposals that aim…

…test strips, which are the truly expensive component of this system. Prices are declining today, but in 2010, they went for around $50 to $70 per jar of 50 strips…

…infrastructures, and knew about professional life in the United Arab Emirates. Also, in a way, she “loved” the pod cars, and advocated their uses for Masdar City. “About 4,000 people…

…accounts, Safaricom was established in 1997 as a subsidiary of the parastatal Telkom; in 2000, the United Kingdom-based Vodafone acquired 40% of the shares and the authorization to autonomously manage…

…modern archives seem somehow quaint and controllable by comparison to those of today. Today it sometimes seems that collecting everything is just what we do. Why not log it? Why…

…Guardian, and the New York Times began on November 28, 2010. Among substantial stories such as Saudi lobbying of the United States to take a hard line toward Iran and…

…“all the markings of state-sponsored attack.” The breach had resulted, USIS said, in the disclosure of about 25,000 federal employees’ records. One can only imagine the difficult conversations that must…

…airfields and military supply depots; the stockpile of strategic materials; and the United States population in 25,000 locations.”[4] Using the new technical possibilities of “electronic calculators” like the Univac computer…

…to the terms of the 1903 canal treaty, the United States had authority over the water drained by the 1,300-square-mile Chagres River basin, which extended deep into Panamanian territory (see…

…the 50,000 square feet of average stores today, the first supermarkets measured roughly 5,000 to 10,000 square feet. And while the contemporary supermarket experience typically begins in the produce department…

…have been,” a “Möglichkeitssinn” (sense of possibility, Musil 1930/1990, 14-18) in hindsight, mixed with traces of distinction against “normal” engineers. Even though they distance themselves from Silicon Valley’s entrepreneurial cultures,…

…by the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia in the United Kingdom. Included in this cache were nearly 1,000 emails and 3,000 other documents. The cache…

…region. But if the region’s apple and pear orchards stand for healthy sweetness, then what does the sugar beet and its refined sugar stand for today? Sugar has become suspect…

…the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the World Bank. Unsnapped and opened, it reveals a set of 25 folders and a booklet: “Each individual envelope is coded with a…

…fish in the continental United States by volume. Until recently, this massive operation and its products were almost entirely unregulated, despite a substantial ecological impact. The menhaden population has declined…

…78,000 target listings (Clinard 1959:89). Meanwhile, increasingly sophisticated technologies for data handling were developed: magnetic tapes replaced punch cards; digital computers replaced tabulators. Although the name changed (today it is…

…18 U.S.C. Section 1030(a)(5)(A). Morris was tried, convicted and sentenced to three years of probation, 400 hours of community service, a fine of $10,050, and the costs of his supervision….

…(Drew and Shane 2013). The founders of the CEH credential quickly distanced themselves from Snowden’s actions, noting that CEHs were required to follow a code of ethics, and that only…

…“grok” it. Instead of “publishing” a paper, they talked about hurdling peer review as either “celebrating” their work or “sharing ideas” (Roosth 2010:90). In brief, as Roosth proposes, “an MIT-specific,…

…a mesh of proxy servers where the data is bounced through relays, or nodes. As of this writing, more than 7,000 relays enable the transferral of data, applying “onion routing”…

…the first five challenges are based in the Global South, 24 of 30 have a connection to the Global North, with 19 to the United States. Close to 50% of…

…reflected in the statistic that more people in the world today have access to a mobile phone than a safe and clean toilet (United Nations 2013). As such, the toilet…