…on mysterious food rations. A Kroger supermarket at Kenwood Plaza, Cincinnati tests prototype bar code scanners in July 1972. 1974: Counting Codes: The first bar code scanner is installed in…

…of one official investigation, Eugene Spafford, pointed out, the code contained no commands that would harm a computer on which it ran, only commands intended to exploit vulnerabilities that allowed…

…part of a tradition which I call, for lack of a better term, “radical engineering.” Radical engineers fundamentally challenge existing notions of (here, digital media) technologies: their basic features, purposes,…

…hacks, leaks, and whistle-blowing? And why did it come into being only between 2007 and 2011, when it was conceivable—ideologically and materially—for it to have emerged much earlier? Prior to…

…(Drew and Shane 2013). The founders of the CEH credential quickly distanced themselves from Snowden’s actions, noting that CEHs were required to follow a code of ethics, and that only…

…hackerly and Open Source approach to biological construction [is] one that trades on the equation of DNA to source code and then posits that such code must be editable and…

The 2010 Colombian presidential race revealed the tensions between not merely two candidates, but two different forms of leveraging political power. Juan Manuel Santos, the heir of two-term president Alvaro…

…is nothing about data exfiltration that requires the delegitimization of expertise as an analytical resource. The Snowden/Greenwald relationship, joint projects between WikiLeaks and various established newspapers, and the collaboration between…

…research community regard this as an infringement of ethical standards included in the IEEE Code of Ethics that prohibits “injuring others, their property, reputation, or employment by false or malicious…

…record on the subject” and “making resources better for everyone.” But the Syria entry was longer than long, and the disputed facts had no easy resolution — was the government…

…not only in terms of having a proof-of-concept of code that can cause physical destruction—which is something we hadn’t seen before—but also it marks a threshold in international relations because…

…code, bureaucratic processes (like adding more workers to a project that has fallen behind schedule) often have perverse and literally counterproductive effects. “Brooks’s Law” puts it this way: adding manpower…

…of information. Casino player tracking systems, inspired by airline and credit card reward programs in the mid-1980s, record the value of each bet gamblers make, their wins and losses, the…

…in the delivery of core collective goods” (World Bank 1997:3). Treating both state- and market-dominated approaches as failures, the World Bank has pursued a middle way between the two, forging…

…promise and enthusiastic investment. Chimeras—monstrous, hybrid, or simply fantastical—tend to be figures of liminality. Their importance is heightened in moments when someone or something sits betwixt and between social categories…

…really. Now, however, there is an ever more significant technological imbalance between states and their citizens. As billions of dollars are poured into systems of passive and active surveillance—mind you,…

…is the alternation between speaking and silence. This alternation occurs not only between spaces—the lab or public space—but also between concerns. The concern in the laboratory is the delicate process…

…demand. Smart grid engineers technologically intervene to decentralize the grid for better information circulation and better balance of supply and demand. Their project amounts to fashioning the grid in the…

…were excellent, “very promising,” according to most British newspapers. The drugs were only known by their code names (MB800, MB744). The Daily Express published a long story about “Drug X,”…

…timestamp of its creation, output frequency, a status code, and—most significant, for the question of archivesthe value of the previous output, the most recent random broadcast. This collection of data…

What is the distinction between sensors and sentinels? Both have the capacity to sense danger, but while the sensor translates potential threats into numbers, the sentinel sends out early warning…

…Where Amazon might have called AI through computer code, now they could call the labor pool similarly. Amazon’s CEO publicly announced AMT at MIT saying. “You’ve heard of software-as-a-service; well,…

…their security and breaches, customers can make better-informed decisions about which products and services to use, making it more likely for companies to invest in their security. One way this…

…You could be tempted, tantalized, sign up to betray, betray (in spirit if not in flesh), create evidence, go through guilt and regret and concealment, and finally be shamefully and…

…for how to cook these vegetables. This became a subject of joke between the amapiens of La Ferme du Soleil, who exchange recipes to cope with the bumper crop! Since…

…away: they release their source code, their databases, and their catalogs; they put up the metadata and the digitalized files on file-sharing networks. They realize that exclusive ownership/control over any…