…Germany’s four vertically integrated energy companies promoted a massive roll-out of nuclear energies as a way to reduce Germany’s dependence on foreign oil and to ensure the security of supply….

…on mysterious food rations. A Kroger supermarket at Kenwood Plaza, Cincinnati tests prototype bar code scanners in July 1972. 1974: Counting Codes: The first bar code scanner is installed in…

…of one official investigation, Eugene Spafford, pointed out, the code contained no commands that would harm a computer on which it ran, only commands intended to exploit vulnerabilities that allowed…

…hackerly and Open Source approach to biological construction [is] one that trades on the equation of DNA to source code and then posits that such code must be editable and…

…(Drew and Shane 2013). The founders of the CEH credential quickly distanced themselves from Snowden’s actions, noting that CEHs were required to follow a code of ethics, and that only…

…hacks, leaks, and whistle-blowing? And why did it come into being only between 2007 and 2011, when it was conceivable—ideologically and materially—for it to have emerged much earlier? Prior to…

…part of a tradition which I call, for lack of a better term, “radical engineering.” Radical engineers fundamentally challenge existing notions of (here, digital media) technologies: their basic features, purposes,…

The 2010 Colombian presidential race revealed the tensions between not merely two candidates, but two different forms of leveraging political power. Juan Manuel Santos, the heir of two-term president Alvaro…

…into an IBM card using a coding system. “The combination of the maps and the codes,” Lowe summarized, “is what constitutes the Bombing Encyclopedia” (1946:13). Using it, an analyst could…

…them will be found alive at the distant Census in 1921.”[2] Statitician William Farr’s diagram of the relation between elevation and cholera risk, based on data from the 1848 London…

…dreams of decentralized democracy that have been attached to renewable energy in Germany since the 1970s. “[T]he reason why the promotion of alternative forms of energy generation…does not quite fulfill…

…research community regard this as an infringement of ethical standards included in the IEEE Code of Ethics that prohibits “injuring others, their property, reputation, or employment by false or malicious…

…not only in terms of having a proof-of-concept of code that can cause physical destruction—which is something we hadn’t seen before—but also it marks a threshold in international relations because…

…is nothing about data exfiltration that requires the delegitimization of expertise as an analytical resource. The Snowden/Greenwald relationship, joint projects between WikiLeaks and various established newspapers, and the collaboration between…

…code, bureaucratic processes (like adding more workers to a project that has fallen behind schedule) often have perverse and literally counterproductive effects. “Brooks’s Law” puts it this way: adding manpower…

…record on the subject” and “making resources better for everyone.” But the Syria entry was longer than long, and the disputed facts had no easy resolution — was the government…

…promise and enthusiastic investment. Chimeras—monstrous, hybrid, or simply fantastical—tend to be figures of liminality. Their importance is heightened in moments when someone or something sits betwixt and between social categories…

…of information. Casino player tracking systems, inspired by airline and credit card reward programs in the mid-1980s, record the value of each bet gamblers make, their wins and losses, the…

…durable demand between price, on the one hand, and preference, on the other. Even a better plastic bag was not the most coveted sanitation device. As the same representative explained,…

…now-classic essay “The De-Scription of Technical Objects” (1992), it is often “only in the confrontation between the real user and the projected user [that] the importance of…the difference between the…

…famous for having produced such a demo. After a prolific career at the Psychology Institute in Berlin, he fled Germany in 1933 and, towards the end of the decade, settled…

…is the alternation between speaking and silence. This alternation occurs not only between spaces—the lab or public space—but also between concerns. The concern in the laboratory is the delicate process…

…demand. Smart grid engineers technologically intervene to decentralize the grid for better information circulation and better balance of supply and demand. Their project amounts to fashioning the grid in the…

…were excellent, “very promising,” according to most British newspapers. The drugs were only known by their code names (MB800, MB744). The Daily Express published a long story about “Drug X,”…