…on mysterious food rations. A Kroger supermarket at Kenwood Plaza, Cincinnati tests prototype bar code scanners in July 1972. 1974: Counting Codes: The first bar code scanner is installed in…

…the race and class divides that characterize the United Arab Emirates. In the imagined future of high technology, Abu Dhabi remained a liberal space for Western white businessmen, and a…

…telecom company) to provide the National Security Agency (NSA) with information on all telephone calls in its systems within the United States and between the United States and other countries….

…(and bads) might be assessed. This basic articulation of public infrastructure was not confined to Europe and the United States. Similar ensembles of experts, governmental mechanisms, and forms of collectivity…

…because “[i]n the digital age, the volume of information that can be disclosed without authorization is much greater” (United Kingdom Law Commission 2017). Media organizations, too, have adopted this metric….

…its investigative branch to private sector consulting firms, many of which were run by former high-level OPM employees. Two of these companies, the United States Investigations Services (USIS) and KeyPoint…

…the mail, and we pay it. What the bill doesn’t reflect is the tremendous change in electricity infrastructure in the twenty-first century. Today, more and more electricity in the United…

…we briefly describe how, from the mid-1950s to early-1960s, experts and officials charged with preparing for nuclear catastrophe in the United States sought to manage “the fundamentals of life on…

…of one official investigation, Eugene Spafford, pointed out, the code contained no commands that would harm a computer on which it ran, only commands intended to exploit vulnerabilities that allowed…

…Yet guerrilla labeling is widespread enough to have prompted the food industry to lobby for its criminalization. In the United States, the Product Packaging Protection Act of 2002 (S. 1223,…

…(Drew and Shane 2013). The founders of the CEH credential quickly distanced themselves from Snowden’s actions, noting that CEHs were required to follow a code of ethics, and that only…

…latest word in homeland security? What is its appeal, and why does it make sense to people at this point in history? I think there are four key reasons for…

…As a global institution, the WHO’s fundamental mission is to promote health and equal access to health care no matter where individuals are located on the world map. But as…

Innovation by Design In 2012, the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (DFID) launched its Innovation Hub (i-Hub). It thereby followed a trend among development actors who see innovation, broadly…

…research community regard this as an infringement of ethical standards included in the IEEE Code of Ethics that prohibits “injuring others, their property, reputation, or employment by false or malicious…

…fish in the continental United States by volume. Until recently, this massive operation and its products were almost entirely unregulated, despite a substantial ecological impact. The menhaden population has declined…

…the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the World Bank. Unsnapped and opened, it reveals a set of 25 folders and a booklet: “Each individual envelope is coded with a…

…to the terms of the 1903 canal treaty, the United States had authority over the water drained by the 1,300-square-mile Chagres River basin, which extended deep into Panamanian territory (see…

…Commission 2015a:1). On first sight, the name Energy Union might appear as just a rhetorical play on words intending to promote the energy policy of the Juncker Commission. But it…

…could look at and understand or try to verify. These were sophisticated pieces of code that needed people with a lot of technical skills to understand and figure out what…

…code, HR documents, and other files Decepticons 2017 Emmanuel Macron campaign staff emails Unknown 2017 Table 1: Public Interest Leaks There are likely cases—and I know of one—whereby a hacker…

…Hypercard in the 1980s). While the group develops such operating systems, it engages in a process of writing and rewriting code, as well as manifestos, lots of talking, even more…

…hackerly and Open Source approach to biological construction [is] one that trades on the equation of DNA to source code and then posits that such code must be editable and…

…responsibility: the proof is that at a WHO vaccine meeting at the end of October, the United Kingdom and the United States sent their health ministers, whereas the French “only”…

…by the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia in the United Kingdom. Included in this cache were nearly 1,000 emails and 3,000 other documents. The cache…

…visiting care groups or sent by relatives in the United States or elsewhere abroad—were priced around $50 to $100. Some corporations even provided them for free if you bought enough…